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Assignment on Lipoprotein

Download the Document:  Lipoprotein Introduction: Lipoproteins are aggregates, consisting of proteins, polar lipids and triacylglycerols; which are water soluble and can be separated into protein and lipid moieties by an extraction procedure using suitable solvents. This indicates that only non-covalent types of bonds are involved in the formation of lipoproteins. The aggregates are primarily stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between the apolar side chains of hydrophobic regions of the protein and the acyl residues of the lipid. In addition, there is a contribution to stability by ionic forces between charged amino acid residues and charges carried by the phosphatides. Hydrogen bonds play a small role in binding lipids molecules as there are only few sites available for such linkages. In wheat flour, the lipoprotein complex consists of prolamine and glutelin attached to glycolipids by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces. Thus, lipoproteins are held together only by non-covalent 

FST-406, Assignment 1

Download File:  Document Confectionery: Processing Technology Confectionery Production Principles All confectionery products have a number of common requirements. They must have an extended shelf life under ambient storage conditions and although this may be assisted by protective packaging their inherent properties must provide stability against microbial deterioration and stability of shape. In sugar confectionery, shelf life is achieved by reducing water activity through control of the composition and RH during storage. Stability of the shape is aided by the inclusion of ingredients such as gelling agents or fats which create structure and prevent flow during storage. By formation of a gloss as in hard boiled sweets, toffee and nougat or by allowing crystal growth as in fondant creams. Also, soft or liquid centres may be held firm by being enclosed within a rigid shell. Confectionery Production Processes The processes commonly employed for the production of confectionery products ar